温州市区及瑞安市区校园直饮水净化系统处理前后水质分析及风险监测

经对温州地区40所中小学校园自来水及净化后的水质进行检测分析,该地区自来水基本符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)要求,但50%以上学校净水器净化后的水中菌落总数反而超标,净水器微生物产生了二次污染。另外,金属元素、无机非金属、感光性状及物理性状等项目净水器影响不是很大。     

木糖二级生化废水絮凝机理及条件的研究

文章通过选取几种不同的絮凝剂进行研究,来选出对木糖废水处理效果最佳的絮凝剂及其最佳絮凝条件、最佳去除率。从硫酸铝、三氯化铝、PAC、硫酸铁、硫酸亚铁、三氯化铁中选出PAC和Al2(SO4)3,然后针对这两种絮凝剂,研究确定其最佳絮凝条件及最大去除率。PAC的最佳实验条件为:投加量为1.6 g/L,pH=6,快速搅拌时间为30 s,沉降时间为30 min;Al2(SO4)3的最佳实验条件为:投加量为1 g/L,原水pH=6,快速搅拌时间为90 s,沉降时间为30 min。絮凝效果为:COD去除率分别为82.3%和75.38%,色度去除率都达到了90%以上。     

微生物强化采油技术研究现状及应用前景

介绍了微生物强化采油技术的基本概念、机理和发展现状，讨论了该技术的研究方法、优点及应用条件，并展望了微生物强化采油技术的应用前景。     

MFC 技术处理铜、银重金属废水的研究

将具有氧化性的有机废水池作为电池的阳极,具有还原性的重金属废水池作为电池的阴极,利用微生物燃料电池（ MFC）同时处理有机废水和重金属废水．结果表明,利用铜离子溶液作阴极, MFC最大电压可达到0．277 V,最大功率密度为33．49 mW/m2,COD的去除率为31．6％,铜的去除率可达42％;利用银离子溶液作阴极,MFC最大电压可达到0．311 V,最大功率密度为42．21 mW/m2, COD的去除率为64．6％,银的去除率可达78％．即不管是从产电角度还是从废水处理角度考虑,都是以银离子废水作阴极优于铜离子．     

微生物除油技术在高浊度油田黑水冲击下的应用实践

分析了FX油田污水处理中存在的问题,开展污水生化处理技术研究,分离纯化除油菌剂并在现场开展生化系统小试、现场工业应用。现场使用中成功经受住数次浊度大于2000NTU的污水冲击,生化系统投产后处理效果稳定,系统出水含油小于0.7mg/L,颗粒数下降90%,COD小于80mg/L,低于国家二级排放标准;同时也达到区块注水配注要求,日注水量大于110m3,注水压力下降2MPa。     

Something old and something new: comparing views about nanotechnology and nuclear energy

This paper provides a review and evaluation of different food‐risk prioritization and management frameworks that have been developed by governmental food‐safety authorities, regulatory agencies and non‐governmental institutions worldwide. It emphasizes the need for a new science‐ and risk‐based system approach to microbial risk prioritization. We find that most studies and projects argue for a systematic and multi‐disciplinary approach to risk prioritization but nevertheless lack it. Human and public health issues have constituted the core focus of food‐risk analysis in food‐borne risk prioritization studies, where the majority of studies use the concept of disease burden. Even though it is widely recognized that economic and market‐level impacts of microbial hazards and preventive interventions to reduce food‐borne risks are crucial to the performance of industries and markets, they are almost never accounted for in risk prioritization frameworks.     

NUSAP: a method to evaluate the quality of assumptions in quantitative microbial risk assessment

The Numeral Unit Spread Assessment Pedigree (NUSAP) system was implemented to evaluate assumptions in a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model for Salmonella spp. in minced pork meat. This QMRA model allows the testing of mitigation strategies for the reduction of human salmonellosis and aims to serve as a basis for science‐based policy making. The NUSAP method was used to assess the subjective component of assumptions in the QMRA model by a set of four pedigree criteria: ‘the influence of situational limitations’, ‘plausibility’, ‘choice space’ and ‘the agreement among peers’. After identifying 13 key assumptions relevant for the QMRA model, a workshop was organized to assess the importance of these assumptions on the output of the QMRA. The quality of the assumptions was visualized using diagnostic and kite diagrams. The diagnostic diagram pinpointed assumptions with a high degree of subjectivity and a high ‘expected influence on the model results’ score. Examples of those assumptions that should be dealt with care are the assumptions regarding the concentration of Salmonella on the pig carcass at the beginning of the slaughter process and the assumptions related to the Salmonella prevalence in the slaughter process. The kite diagrams allowed a clear overview of the pedigree scores for each assumption as well as a representation of expert (dis)agreement. The evaluation of the assumptions using the NUSAP system enhanced the debate on the uncertainty and its communication in the results of a QMRA model. It highlighted the model’s strong and weak points and was helpful for redesigning critical modules. Since the evaluation of assumptions allows a more critical approach of the QMRA process, it is useful for policy makers as it aims to increase the transparency and acceptance of management decisions based on a QMRA model.     

油田常用絮凝剂与萨南油田污水的配伍性研究

研究了不同种类的絮凝荆，在不同浓度的条件下处理萨南油田采出水的絮凝效果，测试了絮凝过程中絮团大小、沉降速度、悬浮固体去除率的变化。结果表明：水驱污水中带负电的胶体粒子较多，适合使用阳离子有机絮凝剂；聚驱污水由于含聚、含油较高，适合阳离子有机絮凝剂与无机絮凝剂联合使用，且随着离子含量的增加，絮凝剂的用量也应增大。     

张家界、韶山和衡山空气微生物粒子沉降量分析

对张家界、韶山和衡山空气微生物粒子沉降量用自然沉降法作了测定，三地的空气微生物污染处于轻-中度状态，以轻污染为主，衡山的空气污染最轻；三地空气多以细菌污染为主，张家界空气真菌含量较大；分析了三地空气微生物粒子沉降量的差异及原因，讨论了空气微生物粒子沉降量的昼夜变化。     

草原蘑菇圈生态学研究进展

目的 蘑菇圈真菌是草原生态系统的重要组成部分,作为分解者参与草原生态系统的物质循环与能量流动,也是重要的生物多样性资源,具有重要的食用及药用价值。文章梳理了涉及草原蘑菇圈特征、机理和影响等研究文献,总结了近年来的研究成果,提出了今后研究设想,为后续研究提供一定的参考。方法 按照“蘑菇圈分布、类型、机制以及其对植物、土壤和微生物的作用”这一逻辑,以文献综述法对相关文献进行综述。结果 通过对现有国内外文献进行系统梳理,总结了草原蘑菇圈的类型和分布,蘑菇圈发育的生理生态学机理,蘑菇圈对牧草产量和品质的影响以及其对土壤理化性质和土壤微生物的影响。结论 蘑菇圈是植物,土壤和真菌/微生物三者之间相互作用的结果,蘑菇圈真菌直接或间接改变了土壤理化性质,微生物群落及酶活性,并可通过化感作用或与植物间形成菌根/寄生关系,其分泌物或裂解后的产物刺激植物生长或杀灭植物,从而促进或抑制植物生长。